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Convert [E]PS file(s) to other formats using GhostScript

Synopsis¶

gmt psconvertpsfile(s)[ -Aparams ][ -Cgs_option ][ -Doutdir ][ -Eresolution ][ -Fout_name ][ -Gghost_path ][ -Hfactor][ -I ][ -Llistfile ][ -Mb|fpslayer ][ -Q[g|t][1|2|4] ][ -S ][ -Tb|e|E|f|F|j|g|G|m|s|t ][ -V[level] ][ -Wparams ][ -Z ][ –PAR=value ]

Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.

Description¶

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psconvert converts one or more PostScript files to other formats(BMP, EPS, JPEG, PDF, PNG, PPM, SVG, TIFF) using GhostScript. Input filenames are read from the command line or from a file that lists them. Thesize of the resulting images is determined by the BoundingBox (orHiResBoundingBox, if present). As an option, a tight (HiRes)BoundingBoxmay be computed first. As another option, it can compute ESRI type worldfiles used to reference, for instance, tif files and make them berecognized as geotiff. Note: If the PostScript file calls on any ofthe Adobe PDF transparency extensions and PDF is not the selected outputformat, then the file will first be converted to a temporary PDF file(for the transparency to take effect) before converting the PDF to thedesired output format.

To convert the file psfile.ps to PNG using a tight BoundingBox and rotating it back to normal orientation in case it was in Landscape mode: gmt psconvert psfile. Ps - A - P - Tg To convert the file map.ps to PDF, extend the BoundingBox by 0.2 cm, fill it with lightblue paint and draw outline with a thick pen.

Required Arguments¶

psfiles

Names of PostScript files to be converted. The output files willhave the same name (unless -F is used) but with the conventionalextension name associated to the raster format (e.g., .jpg for thejpeg format). Use -D to redirect the output to a differentdirectory.

Optional Arguments¶

Adjust the BoundingBox and HiResBoundingBox to the minimum requiredby the image content. Append +n to leave the BoundingBoxes as they are(e.g., to override any automatic setting of -A by -W).Append +u to first remove any GMT-produced time-stamps.Optionally, append +m to specify extra margins to extend the bounding box.Give either one (uniform), two (x and y) or four (individual sides)margins; append unit [Default is set by PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT].

Use the -A+snew_width to resize the output image to exactly new_width units.The default is to use what is set by PROJ_LENGTH_UNITbut you can append a new unit and/or impose different width and height. What happenshere is that GhostScript will do the re-interpolation work and the final image willretain the DPI resolution set by -E. Use -A+sm to set a maximum size andthe new width are only imposed if the original figure width exceeds it. Append/new_height to also also impose a maximum height in addition to the width.Alternatively use -A+Sscale to scale the image by a constant factor.

Use the -A+r to round the HighRes BoundingBox instead of using the ceil function.This is going against Adobe Law but can be useful when creating very small imageswhere the difference of one pixel might matter.If -V is used we also report the dimensions of the illustration.Use -A+gpaint to paint the BoundingBox behind the illustration anduse -A+p[pen] to draw the BoundingBox outline (append a pen or acceptthe default pen of 0.25p,black).

-Cgs_option

Specify a single, custom option that will be passed on toGhostScript as is. Repeat to add several options [none].

-Doutdir

Sets an alternative output directory (which must exist) [Default isthe same directory as the PS files]. Use -D. to place the outputin the current directory instead.

-Eresolution

Set raster resolution in dpi [default = 720 for PDF, 300 for others].

-Fout_name

Force the output file name. By default output names are constructedusing the input names as base, which are appended with anappropriate extension. Use this option to provide a different name,but without extension. Extension is still determined automatically.

-Gghost_path

Full path to your GhostScript executable. NOTE: For Unix systemsthis is generally not necessary. Under Windows, the GhostScript pathis now fetched from the registry. If this fails you can still addthe GS path to system’s path or give the full path here. (e.g.,-Gc:programsgsgs9.02bingswin64c). WARNING: becauseof the poor decision of embedding the bits on the gs exe name wecannot satisfy both the 32 and 64 bits GhostScript executable names.So in case of ‘get from registry’ failure the default name (when no-G is used) is the one of the 64 bits version, or gswin64c

-Hfactor

Given the finite dots-per-unit used to rasterize PostScript frames to rasters, the quantizing of featuresto discrete pixel will lead to rounding. Some of this is mitigated by the anti-aliasing settings (-Q)which affect lines and text only. The scale factor temporarily increases the effective dots-per-unitby factor, rasterizes the plot, then downsamples the image by the same factor at the end. The largerthe factor, the smoother the raster. Because processing time increases with factor we suggest youtry values in the 2-5 range. Note that raster images can also suffer from quantizing when the original datahave much higher resolution than your raster pixel dimensions. The -H option may then be used to smooththe result to avoid aliasing [no downsampling].

-I

Enforce gray-shades by using ICC profiles. GhostScript versions>= 9.00 change gray-shades by using ICC profiles. GhostScript 9.05and above provide the ‘-dUseFastColor=true’ option to prevent thatand that is what psconvert does by default, unless option -I isset. Note that for GhostScript >= 9.00 and < 9.05 the gray-shadeshifting is applied to all but PDF format. We have no solution tooffer other than upgrade GhostScript.

-Llistfile

The listfile is an ASCII file with the names of the PostScriptfiles to be converted.

-Mb|fpslayer

Sandwich the current psfile between an optional background (-Mb) andoptional foreground (-Mf) Postscript plots. These files are expectedto be stand-alone plots that will align when stacked.

-Q[g|t][1|2|4]

Set the anti-aliasing options for graphics or text.Append the size of the subsample box (1, 2, or 4) [4]. For vectorformats the default is no anti-aliasing (same as bits = 1).For any raster format the default setting is -Qt4, while transparentPNG also adds -Qg2. These defaults may be overruled manually.

-S

Print to standard error the GhostScript command after it has been executed.This option also prevent all intermediate files from being removed.

-Tb|e|E|f|F|j|g|G|m|s|t

Sets the output format, where b means BMP, e means EPS,E means EPS with PageSize command, f means PDF, F meansmulti-page PDF, j means JPEG, g means PNG, G meanstransparent PNG (untouched regions are transparent), m meansPPM, s means SVG, and t means TIFF [default is JPEG]. To bjgt you canappend - in order to get a grayscale image. The EPS format can becombined with any of the other formats. For example, -Tefcreates both an EPS and a PDF file. The -TF creates a multi-pagePDF file from the list of input PS or PDF files. It requires the -F option.See also NOTES below.

-V[level] (more ...)

Select verbosity level [c].

Write a ESRI type world file suitable to make (e.g) .tif files berecognized as geotiff by software that know how to do it. Be aware,however, that different results are obtained depending on the imagecontents and if the -B option has been used or not. The troublewith the -B option is that it creates a frame and very likelyits annotations. That introduces pixels outside the map data extent,and therefore the map extents estimation will be wrong. To avoidthis problem use --MAP_FRAME_TYPE=inside option which plots allannotations and ticks inside the image and therefore does notcompromise the coordinate computations. Pay attention also to thecases when the plot has any of the sides with whites only becausethan the algorithm will fail miserably as those whites will be eatenby the GhostScript. In that case you really must use -B or use aslightly off-white color.

Together with -V it prints on screen the gdal_translate(gdal_translate is a command line tool from the GDAL package)command that reads the raster + world file and creates a truegeotiff file. Use -W+g to do a system call to gdal_translateand create a geoTIFF image right away. The output file will have a.tiff extension.

The world file naming follows the convention of jamming a ‘w’ in thefile extension. So, if output is tif -Tt the world file is a.tfw, for jpeg we have a .jgw and so on. This option automaticallysets -A-P.

Use -W+k to create a minimalist KML file that allows loading theimage in GoogleEarth. Note that for this option the image must be ingeographical coordinates. If not, a warning is issued but the KMLfile is created anyway. Several modifier options are available tocustomize the KML file in the form of +opt strings. Append+ttitle to set the document title [GMT KML Document],+nlayername to set the layer name, and+a/altmode[altitude] to select one of 5 altitude modesrecognized by Google Earth that determines the altitude (in m) ofthe image: G clamped to the ground, g append altituderelative to ground, a append absolute altitude, s appendaltitude relative to seafloor, and S clamp it to the seafloor.Control visibility of the layer with the +lminLOD/maxLOD and+fminfade/maxfade options. Finally, if you plan to leave theimage itself on a server and only distribute the KML, use+uURL to prepend the URL to the image reference. If you arebuilding a multi-component KML file then you can issue a KML snippedwithout the KML header and trailer by using the +ofoldernamemodification; it will enclose the image and associated KML codewithin a KML folder of the specified name. See the KML documentationfor further explanation(http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/).Note: If any of your titles or names contain a plus symbol next toa letter it can be confused with an option modifier. Escape suchplus signs by placing a backslash in front of it. Alternatively,enclose the string in double quotes and then the entire -Wargument in single-quotes (or vice versa).

Further notes on the creation of georeferenced rasters.psconvert can create a georeferenced raster image with a worldfile OR uses GDAL to convert the GMT PostScript file to geotiff.GDAL uses Proj.4 for its projection library. To provide with theinformation it needs to do the georeferencing, GMT 4.5 embeds acomment near the start of the PostScript file defining theprojection using Proj.4 syntax. Users with pre-GMT v4.5 PostScriptfiles, or even non-GMT ps files, can provide the informationpsconvert requires by manually editing a line into thePostScript file, prefixed with %%PROJ.

For example the command

-^ or just -

Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows just use -).

-+ or just +

Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation ofany module-specific option (but not the GMT common options), then exits.

-? or no arguments

Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exits.

–PAR=value

Temporarily override a GMT default setting; repeatable. See gmt.conf for parameters.

Notes¶

The conversion to raster images (BMP, JPEG, PNG, PPM or TIFF) inherentlyresults in loss of details that are available in the originalPostScript file. Choose a resolution that is large enough for theapplication that the image will be used for. For web pages, smaller dpivalues suffice, for Word documents and PowerPoint presentations a higherdpi value is recommended. psconvert uses the loss-less DEFLATEcompression technique when creating PDF and PNG files and LZW compressionfor TIFF images. For smaller dpi images, such as required for buildinganimations, the use of -Qt4 and -Qg4 may help sharpen text and lines,as will the -H option.

EPS is a vector (not a raster) format. Therefore, the -E option hasno effect on the creation of EPS files. Using the option -Te willremove setpagedevice commands from the PostScript file and will adjust theBoundingBox when the -A option is used. Note the original andrequired BoundingBox is limited to integer points, hence Adobe added theoptional HiResBoundingBox to add more precision in sizing. The -Aoption calculates both and writes both to the EPS file and is subsequentlyused in any rasterization, if requested. When the -TE option is used, anew setpagedevice command is added that will indicate the actual pagesize forthe plot, similar to the BoundingBox. Note that when the command setpagedeviceexists in a PostScript file that is included in another document, this can wreakhavoc on the printing or viewing of the overall document. Hence, -TE should onlybe used for “standalone” PostScript files.

Although PDF and SVG are also vector formats, the -E option has an effect onthe resolution of pattern fills and fonts that are stored as bitmaps inthe document. psconvert therefore uses a larger default resolutionwhen creating PDF and SVG files. -E also determines the resolution of theboundingbox values used to indicate the size of the output PDF.In order to obtain high-quality PDF or SVG files, the/prepress options are in effect, allowing only loss-less DEFLATEcompression of raster images embedded in the PostScript file.

Although psconvert was developed as part of the GMT, it can beused to convert PostScript files created by nearly any graphicsprogram. However, -A+u is GMT-specific.

The ghostscript program continues to be developed and occasionally itsdevelopers make decisions that affect psconvert. As of version 9.16 theSVG device has been removed. Fortunately, quality SVG graphics can be obtainedby first converting to PDF and then install and use the package pdf2svg.

See Including GMT Graphics into your Documents of the GMT Technical Reference and Cookbook for moreinformation on how psconvert is used to produce graphics that can beinserted into other documents (articles, presentations, posters, etc.).

Examples¶

To convert the file psfile.ps to PNG using a tight BoundingBox:

To convert the file map.ps to PDF, extend the BoundingBox by 0.2 cm,fill it with lightblue paint and draw outline with a thick pen:

To create a 5 cm PNG version at 300 dpi of our example_01.ps file

To create a 3 pages PDF file from 3 individual PS files

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To create a simple linear map with coast and convert it to tif with a.tfw the tight BoundingBox computation.

To create a Mercator version of the above example and use GDAL toproduce a true geotiff file.

To create a Polar Stereographic geotiff file of Patagonia

To create a simple KML file for use in Google Earth, try

(These commands assume that GhostScript can be found in your system’s path.)

GhostScript Options¶

Most of the conversions done in psconvert are handled byGhostScript. On most Unixes this program is available as gs; forWindows there is a version called gswin32c. GhostScript accepts arich selection of command-line options that modify its behavior. Many ofthese are set indirectly by the options available above. However,hard-core usage may require some users to add additional options tofine-tune the result. Use -S to examine the actual command used, andadd custom options via one or more instances of the -C option. Forinstance, to turn on image interpolation for all images, improving imagequality for scaled images at the expense of speed, use-C-dDOINTERPOLATE. See www.ghostscript.com for completedocumentation.

Making KMZ files¶

If you have made a series of KML files (which may depend on other itemslike local PNG images), you can consolidate these into a single KMZ filefor saving space and for grouping related files together. The bash functiongmt_build_kmz in the gmt_shell_functions.sh can be used todo this. You need to source gmt_shell_functions.sh first before you canuse it.

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